Al-Biruni
| Al-Bīrūnī | |
|---|---|
 An imaginary rendition of Al Biruni on a 1973 Soviet post stamp | |
| Native name | Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-Birunī |
| Born | 4 September 973 Kath, Khwarezm, Afrighid dynasty (modern-day Uzbekistan) |
| Died | 9 December 1048 (aged 75) Ghazni, Ghaznavid Empire (modern-day Afghanistan) |
| Residence | Khwarezm, Central Asia Ziyarid dynasty (Rey)[1] Ghaznavid dynasty (Ghazni)[2] |
| Academic background | |
| Influences | Aristotle, Ptolemy, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī, Rhazes, al-Sijzi, Iranshahri, Abu Nasr Mansur, Avicenna, al-Battani, Al-Tamimi |
| Academic work | |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Main interests | Geology, physics, anthropology, comparative sociology, astronomy, astrology, chemistry, history, geography, mathematics, medicine, psychology, philosophy, theology |
| Notable works | The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries, Gems, Indica, The Mas'udi Canon, Understanding Astrology |
| Influenced | Al-Sijzi, Avicenna, Omar Khayyam, al-Khazini, Zakariya al-Qazwini, Maragha observatory, Islamic science, Islamic philosophy |
Al-Biruni is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist.[11] He studied almost all fields of science and was compensated for his research and strenuous work. Royalty and powerful members of society sought out Al-Biruni to conduct research and study to uncover certain findings. He lived during the Islamic Golden Age, in which scholarly thought went hand in hand with the thinking and methodology of the Islamic religion. In addition to this type of influence, Al-Biruni was also influenced by other nations, such as the Greek, who he took inspiration from when he turned to studies of philosophy.[13] He was conversant in Khwarezmian, Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit, and also knew Greek, Hebrew and Syriac. He spent a large part of his life in Ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan, capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty, which was based in what is now central-eastern Afghanistan. In 1017 he traveled to the South Asia and authored a study of Indian culture (Tahqiq ma li-l-hind...) after exploring the Hinduism practised in India.[a] He was given the title "founder of Indology". He was an impartial writer on customs and creeds of various nations, and was given the title al-Ustadh ("The Master") for his remarkable description of early 11th-century India.[11] He also made contributions to Earth sciences, and is regarded as the "father of geodesy" for his important contributions to that field, along with his significant contributions to geography.[15]
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Published on 22 Oct 2016